Microservices architecture has become a hot topic in the software backend development world. The ecosystem carries a profound impact on not just the enterprises’ IT function but also in the digital transformation of an entire app business.
The debate of Microservices vs monolithic architecture defines a revolutionary shift in how an IT team approaches their software development cycle: Whether they go with the approach that brands like Google, Amazon, and Netflix chose or do they go with the simplicity quotient that a startup which is at the development stage demands.
In this article, we are going to get startups an answer to which backend architecture they should choose when they are starting their journey to become a startup.
Table Of Content:
- What are Microservices Architecture?
- What is Monolithic Architecture?
- Microservices vs Monolithic Architecture: Advantages and Disadvantages
- How to Choose Between Monolithic and Microservice Architecture?
- Migrating from a Monolithic Architecture to a Microservice Ecosystem
- Conclusion
What are Microservices Architecture?
Microservices architecture contains a mix of small and autonomous services where every service is self-contained and must be implemented as a single business ability. It is a distinct approach used for development of software systems which focus on developing several single-function modules with clearly-defined operations and interfaces. The approach has become a popular trend in the past several years as more and more Enterprises are looking to become Agile and make a shift towards DevOps.
Components of Microservices architecture that makes it one of the best enterprise architecture:
- The services are independent, small, and loosely coupled
- Encapsulates a business or customer scenario
- Every service is different codebase
- Services can be independently deployed
- Services interact with each other using APIs
With the question of what are microservices architecture now answered, let us move on to look into what is monolithic architecture.
What is Monolithic Architecture?
Monolithic application has a single codebase having multiple modules. The modules, in turn, are divided into either technical features or business features. The architecture comes with a single build system that helps build complete application. It also comes with a single deployable or executable binary.
Now that we have looked into what is monolithic architecture and microservices architecture, let us look into the disadvantages and benefits that both the backend system offers to get an understanding of what separates them from each other.
Microservices vs Monolithic Architecture: Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages of Monolithic Architecture
A. Zero Deployment Dependencies
An organized and well-documented Monolith architecture makes it possible for Backend developers to not worry about which version would be compatible with which service, how to find which services are present and what they do, etc.
B. Error Tracing
One of the biggest benefits of monolithic is that all the transactions are logged into one place, making error tracing task a breeze.
C. No Silos
The one factor that works in the favour of monolithic in the microservices vs monolithic architecture debate is absence of silos. It becomes very easy for the developers to work on multiple parts of the app for they are all structured similarly, using the same tools, which makes it okay to have no prior distributed computing knowledge.
D. Cross-cutting concerns:
Spending time in defining the services which do not bleed in each other’s time is the time that you can actually spend in developing things that help the customers.
E. Shared Code:
No shared libraries where the complete scope needed for services to operate is sent along each request.
Limitations of Monolithic Architecture
A. Lack of Flexibility:
Monolithic architectures are not flexible. You cannot use different technologies when you have incorporated Monolithic. The technology stack which have been decided at the beginning have to be followed throughout the project, making upgrades a next to impossible task.
B. Development Speed:
Microservices speed development process is famous when you compare microservices architecture vs monolithic architecture. Development is very slow in monolithic architecture. It can be very difficult for team members to understand and then modify the code of large monolithic applications. Additionally, as the size of codebase increases, the IDE gets overloaded and gets slower. All of this results in a slowed down app development speed.
C. Difficult Scalability:
Scaling monolithic applications becomes difficult when the apps becomes large. While developers can develop new instances of monolith and load balancer to distribute the traffic to new instances, monolithic architecture cannot scale with the increasing load.
Benefits of Microservices Architecture
- The biggest factor in favour of microservices in the difference between microservices and monolithic architecture is that it handles complexity issues by decomposing the app into manageable service set that are faster to develop and easier to maintain and understand.
- It enables independent service development through a team which is focused on the particular service, which makes the ideal choice of businesses that work with an Agile development approach.
- It lowers the barrier of adopting newer technologies as the developers have the freedom to choose whatever technology that makes sense to their project.
- It makes it possible for every microservice to be deployed individually. The result of which is that continuous deployment of complex application becomes possible.
Drawbacks of Microservices Architecture
- Microservices add a complexity to project simply by the fact that the microservices application is distributed system. To solve the complexities, developers have to select and implement inter-process communication that is based on either RPC or messaging.
- They work with partitioned database architecture. The business transactions which update multiple business entities inside the microservices application also have to update different databases that are owned by multiple services.
- It is a lot more difficult to implement changes which span across multiple services. While in case of Monolithic architecture, an app development agency only have to change the corresponding modules, integrate all the changes, and then deploy them all in one go.
- Deployment of a microservice application is very complex. It consists of a number of services, which individually have multiple runtime instances. In contrast, a monolithic application is deployed on set of identical servers behind load balancer.
The benefits and limitations are prevalent in both monolithic and microservices architecture. This makes it extremely difficult for a startup to gauge which backend architecture to incorporate in their journey.
Let us help you.
How to Choose Between Monolithic and Microservice Architecture?
The fact that both the approaches come with their own set of pros and cons are a sign that there is no one size fits all methodology when it comes to choosing a backend architecture. But there are a few questions that can help you decide which is the right direction to head into.
Are You Working in a Familiar Sector?
When you work in an industry where you know the veins of the sector and you know the demands and the needs of the customers, it becomes easier to enter into the system with a definite structure. The same, however, is not possible with a business that is very new in the industry, for the amount of looming doubts are much greater.
So, the use of microservice architecture in app development is best suited in cases where you know the industry inside out. If that is not the case, go with monolithic approach to develop your app.
How Prepared is Your Team?
Is your team aware with the best practices for implementing microservices? Or are they more comfortable with working around the simplicity of monolithic? Will your team and your business offering expand in the coming time? You will have to find answers to all these questions to gauge whether the people who have to work on a project are even ready to migrate.
What is Your Infrastructure Like?
Everything from the development to the deployment of a monolithic web application would require a cloud-based infrastructure. You will have to make use of Amazon AWS and Google Cloud for deploying even tiny elements. While the cloud technologies make the process easier, The idea of setting up database server for every other microservice and then scaling out is something that startup entrepreneur might not be comfortable with.
Have you Evaluated the Business Risk?
More often than not, businesses take microservices’ side in the Microservices vs Monolithic Architecture thinking it is the right thing for their business. What they forget to factor in is the chance that their application might not become as scalable as they are optimistically expecting and they might have to suffer the risks of adding a highly scalable system in their process.
Here is a short list of pointers that would help you make the decision of choosing to opt for software development processes with microservices vs monolithic architecture:
When to Choose Monolithic Architecture?
- When your team is at a founding stage
- When you are developing a proof of concept
- When you have no experience in microservices
- When you have experience in the development on solid frameworks, like the Ruby on Rails, Laravel, etc.
When to Choose Microservices Architecture?
- You need independent, quick delivery service
- You need to extend your team
- Your platform need to be extremely efficient
- You don’t have a tight deadline to work with
Migrating from a Monolithic Architecture to a Microservice Ecosystem
The right approach for migrating a monolithic architecture to a microservice ecosystem is to divide the monolith processes and turn them into microservices. The result of this is a two-factor plan:
- Identification of existing monolithic elements which can get decoupled
- A validation that the new functionality can be developed as microservice
One of the main challenges that can emerge when initiating the migration from a monolithic architecture to a microservice architecture is to design and create an integration between existing system and a new microservice. A solution for this can be to add a glue code which allows them to connect later, something like an API.
API gateway can also help in combining multiple individual service calls in one coarse-grained service, and this in turn would help reduce the integration cost with monolithic system.
Conclusion
When you compare microservices architecture vs monolithic architecture, you will find the former being a hot trend. Every entrepreneur wants to say that their app is based on this architecture. But the temptation to focus only on the problems of monolithic architecture and abandon the architecture should be measured against the actual value of microservice architecture.
The right approach would be to develop new apps using a monolithic approach and move to microservices only when the justification of the move is backed by proper metrics like performance monitoring.
For established businesses, microservices tend to be avenues for continuous deployment, team based development, and an agility to shift to new technologies. But for startups, or companies that are just starting, adopting microservices can impact the software project success very negatively.
